Beliefs
Beliefs regarding the Sahabah-e-Kiraam (Radhiallaahu Anhum)
Aqeeda # 1
After all the Ambiyaa (alaihimus salaam), comes the Sahaabah (radhiAllaahu anhum) in rank. to have love for the Sahaabah is a part of the Deen and Imaan, and to have hatred and animosity for them is a sign of kufr, nifaaq and fisq.
Just as Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) is the most virtuous person amongst the entire creation, so too is his Ummat the most virtuous Ummat from amongst all the previous Ummats. You are the best of Ummats, that has been taken out for the guidance of mankind. This factor is proven from the Qur`aanic text. From amongst the Ummat, the Sahaabah are the most virtuous.
It is for this reason that the Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat hold this belief that after the Ambiyaa (alaihi salaam) the Sahaabah hold the highest rank and virtue. After the Ambiyaa (alaihimus salaam) the most beloved and accepted persons in the Sight of Allaah Ta`ala are the Sahaabah-e-Kiraam. They were, without doubt, true believers and Muslims. Nauthubillah, Nauthubillah, they were never Munafiqeen. The Qur`aan Shareef and the Ahaadith bear testimony to their sincerity and Imaan. Their end was on Imaan and until Qiyaamah, no other person will ever be able to attain their rank. Just as no Wali can ever reach the status of a Nabi, so too will no Wali ever reach the status of a Sahaabi. In the Qur`aan Shareef, Allaah ta`ala had declared His Pleasure at the Sahaabah. Allaah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him.
They were given the glad tidings of Jannat in this very world. Although the Sahaabah were not sinless like the Nabis, we accept as a fact and Haqq that Allaah Ta`ala is pleased with them and that they will enter Jannat. There can be absolutely no reason to doubt this, because this information is mentioned in the Qur`aan Majeed and Ahaadith. Besides them, these two bounties are not mentioned for anyone else. Therefore, these two blessings cannot even be certain for the greatest Wali. It cannot be said with certainty that any person (besides the Ambiyaa and Sahaabah) will enter Jannat. Although on the surface it seems so. The condition and sincerity of the heart, only Allaah Ta`ala knows, and for the Sahaabah, Allaah Ta`ala mentions in the Qur`aan Shareef. Indeed Allaah is pleased with the believers when they took ba`it with you under the tree, thus He knows what is in their hearts.
In this Aayat, Allaah Ta`ala makes clear His Pleasure for the Sahaabah, and He clarifies the state of their hearts. These are those persons who had sincere love for Allaah Ta`ala and His Rasul (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), and they harboured no hypocrisy or duplicity in their hearts. Since this Aayat explains the condition of their hearts, there can be absolutely no slur made on their being hypocrites and only acting to be Muslims.
The Specialities of the Sahabah-e-Kiraam (Radhiallaahu Anhum)
| 30367. The Sahaabah were the first persons (of this Ummat) whom Allaah Ta`ala had blessed with the Noor of Imaan and they were the first to witness the excellent personality of Nabi-e-Kareem (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). All Muslims agree that to see Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in a dream is excellent and sublime fortune, so what can be said about those who in every stage of their lives, they saw Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) with love, affection and complete devotion. | |
| 30368. Allaah Ta`ala chose the Sahaabah for the service of His beloved Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wsallam). They were also the chosen ones who were instrumental in giving support and credence to Islaam in its initial stages. And We granted them Taqwa, and they were most rightful and deserving of it. And Allaah knows everything. | |
| It is clear that there is no person (in this Ummat) that is more pious and Allaah-fearing than the Sahaabah. | |
| 30369. The Qur`aan Majeed was revealed in the presence of the Sahaabah. They were witnesses to the various Surahs and Aayaats that were revealed. Therefore the Sahaabah are the most knowledgeable regarding the Qur`aan Majeed. | |
| 30370. The Sahaabah-e-Kiraam were the first to be addressed in the Qur`aan Majeed. | |
| 30371. The Sahaabah were the first to hear the Qur`aan Shareef and the Commandments of Allaah Ta`ala from the lips of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). | |
| 30372. Th Sahaabah sacrificed their wealth and lives willingly and selflessly in the Path of Allaah Ta`ala. Owing to their profuse love for Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) they left behind their beloved family and close ones and made Hijrat and they accompanied Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in every step and stage for the upliftment of Islaam. They participated in the battles and cared not for their fathers, children and uncles. | |
| 30373. The Qur`aan Shareef, Ahaadith and Laws of the Shariah reached the Ummat via the agency of the Sahaabah. If the Sahaabah had not compiled the Qur`aan Shareef and not related the Ahaadith, then the Ummat would have been deprived of all these blessings. The Sahaabah were the intermediaries between the Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) and the rest of the Ummat. | |
| 30374. The Sahaabah-e-Kiraam (radhiAllaahu anhum) had raised the flag of Islaam in this world. They did not leave a stone unturned in trying to convey the Message to the Ummat. After the demise of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), whoever became a Muslim, became indebted to the Sahaabah. They had reached such a stage that after anyone makes the Ziyaarat of the grave of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), then their Ziyaarat is also made. Just like how the Sahaabah are virtuous and honourable, so too, after them are the Taabi`een. | |
| 30375. In the Qur`aan Majeed, wherever there appears virtuous qialities for the believers, they refer firstly to the Sahaabah, and then to the rest of the Ummat, like the Ulama, Pious ones, Walis, etc. Amongst these qualities are: Mu`mineen, Muslimeen, Muttaqeen, Saadiqeen, Siddiqeen, Shuhadaa, Saaliheen, Qaaniteen, Saabireen, Shaakireen, Taai`been, Aabideen, Raaki`een, Saajideen, Aamireen anil Ma`roof, Naaheen anil Munkar, etc., etc. | |
| 30376. Just like how the virtues and description of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) appears in the Tawraat and Injeel, so too do the qualities and descriptions of the Sahaabah appear in the Tawraat and Injeel. | |
| 30377. There are numerous Aayaat which testify to the everlasting pleasure that Allaah Ta`ala has for them. There is announcement of Allaah=s Pleasure for them, without any conditions. As for those who will come after them, there is a condition attached that if they follow the Sahaabah with sincerity, then they will also attain the Pleasure of Allaah Ta`ala. As Allaah Ta`ala says: The predecessors and those who came first from amongst the Muhaajireen and Ansaar and those who follow them with sincerity, Allaah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him... In this Aayat, Allaah Ta`ala firstly declares His Pleasure for the Muhaajireen and the Ansaar and secondly they are promised the everlasting gardens of Jannat, then thirdly is the promise of the Pleasure of Allaah ta`ala for those who come after the Muhaajireen and Ansaar, provided that they are sincere and they follow in their footsteps. | |
| 30378. Indeed the Rasul and those with him who believe, strive (in the Path of Allaah) with their wealth and their selves. For them is goodness and they are the successful ones. Allaah has prepared for them gardens, beneath which rivers flow, they will remain therein forever. This is the Great Success. | |
| In this Aayat, Allaah Ta`ala has promised four things for the Nabi and those who follow him; firstly charity and Zakaat, secondly complete success, thirdly Jannat and fourthly a Great Success. | |
| 30379. And those who believe and make Hijrat and strive in the Path of Allaah, and those who granted shelter and assisted, they are the True Believers, for them is forgiveness and an honourable sustenance. | |
| In this Aayat, Allaah ta`ala has stated the Muhaajireen and the Ansaar as true and firm believers. He has promised them forgiveness and a honourable sustenance. They were not hypocrites. | |
| 30380. Muhammad, the Rasul of Allaah, and those with him are stern upon the kuffaar, but compassionate amongst themselves. You will see them making ruku and sajdah, seeking Bounty from Allaah and His Pleasure. The signs on their faces are the effects of (their) sajdahs. A description of them is in the Tawraah. But their description in the Injeel is like a (sown) seed which sends forth its shoot, then makes it strong, it then becomes thick, and it stands straight on its stem, delighting its sowers - that He may enrage the disbelievers with them. Allaah has promised those amongst them who believe and do righteous good deeds, forgiveness and a mighty reward (i.e. Jannat). | |
| In this Aayat is a high praise for the Sahaabah and it shows that just as there is mention made of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in the Tawraah and the Injeel, so too is there mention made of the Sahaabah. Whoever harbours hatred and malice for the Sahaabah are kaafir. |
In conclusion, after Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in rank, comes the Sahaabah-e-Kiraam. And just as following Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) is tantamount to obeying Allaah Ta`ala, so too, following the Sahaabah is tantamount to obeying Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). Just like the example and Sunnat of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) cannot be separated from Allaah Ta`ala, so too can the example and Sunnat of the Sahaabah not be separated from Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). This Deen has reached us via them. Those who do not accept the Sahaabah and belie them, should indicate as to how this Deen has reached them!
Aqeeda # 2
There is a consensus of opinion amongst the Ahle Haqq that the best and most virtuous person is Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), thereafter all the Ambiyaa and thereafter is the first Khalifah of Islaam, Hadhrat Abu Bakr Siddique (radhiallaahu anhu). After him comes, Hadhrat Umar Farouq (radhiAllaahu anhu), thereafter is Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) and then Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu). There respective virtues are in keeping with their sequence of Khilaafat.
After the demise of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), the high ranking Sahaabah gathered at >Saqeefah Bani Sa`idah=. Amongst them were the highest and best of all the Sahaabah and learned persons. After deliberation and consultations, they had all reached a consensus with complete certainty and confidence that Hadhrat Abu Bakr Siddique (radhiAllaahu anhu) be the Khalifah. They agreed that as far as knowledge, intellect, piety, Taqwa, trustworthiness, justice and administration was concerned, Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) was the most qualified and suited for the duty. All of them took Ba`it at his hands. It is obvious that all these pious and excellent luminaries, who Allaah Ta`ala was happy with and they were amongst the best to traverse the earth, would not be incorrect in their decision of choosing a leader. Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) said:
My Ummat will never unite on deviation.
In the initial stages of the mashwera, the Ansaars opined the following: There should be an Ameer from amongst us and one from amongst you (Muhaajireen).
The Ansaar reasoned that the Khilaafat should be based upon tribal leadership, as was the custom of the Arabs. That the leader should be from their tribe. However, Hadhrat Umar (radhiAllaahu anhu) explained to the Ansaar with proof and evidence, and told them that during the final illness of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) he appointed Hadhrat Au Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) as the Imaam and leader of the Muslims, and that Salaat is one of the most important fundamentals of Islaam. Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) appointed Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) to take his place in the Salaat, hence the same person upon whom the Rasul of Allaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) chose and placed in front, we (Sahaabah) cannot place him at the back. We should also place this personality in front. Also, since Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) was from amongst the Muhaajireen, so your Khalifah should also be from amongst the Muhaajireen, and the best Muhaajir is the one who Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) gave preference to and made the Imaam of the Muslims. Thereafter, the Ansaar also willingly took ba`it at the hands of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu). The Ansaar did not have any fear for the Muhaajireen, since they were in the majority in Madinah Munawwarah. They were more wealthy and affluent in the society than the Muhaajireen. If the Ansaar refused to take ba`it at the hands of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu), then the Muhaajireen were helpless at trying to force them to take ba`it, since they did not have the necessary means and power at their disposal. This proves that Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) had such a great status and position amongst the Sahaabah that everyone willingly took ba`it at his hands and readily accepted him as their leader. If Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) did not have the necessary qualifications of knowledge, intellect, etc., etc. then he would not have enjoyed this standing in the eyes of the Sahaabah, and would not have been the natural choice for Khilaafat. The fact that the Ansaar readily accepted the Khilaafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) and they followed him unflinchingly bears testimony to this fact that they also regarded him as the most reliable and most suited for the duty of Khilaafat. Had this not been their opnion, they would not have accepted his Khilaafat. Some Ulama even opine that the Khilaafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) was indicated clearly by the words and actions of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). At the time of Rasulullaah=s (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) final illness, he clearly appointed Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) as his deputy. The Shiahs aver contrary to this and say that Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) chose Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) as his deputy.
The truth of the matter is that no clear and definite proof can be found where Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) had appointed a deputy after him. Neither did he appoint Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) nor Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu). Nevertheless, regarding Nabi=s (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) preference of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) can be found indirectly. The Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat are unanimous on this that Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) as the first choice in Khilaafat and the implications of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) support this and are indicative of the same. The Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat forward these implicative actions of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) as a proof and support. Otherwise, the consensus of the Sahaabah which is the best and most authoritative proof is not in need of any further proofs.
If there was any clear text and proof (from Allaah Ta`ala or Nabi - sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), there would have been absolutely no need for the slight difference between the Muhaajireen and Ansaar about There should be an Ameer from amongst us and one from amongst you (Muhaajireen).
Also, if there was any definite proof regarding the Khilaafat of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu), then the Sahaabah would most certainly have forwarded it. If there existed such clear proof and the Sahaabah concealed it then Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) would most certainly have mentioned it and the Ansaar would then have definitely have followed him, also considering that he was a close family member of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) and the Ansaar had great respect for the Banu Haashim. Also, we see that during the skirmish with Hadhrat Mu`aawiyah (radhiAllaahu anhu), the Ansaar stood by Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu). If the Shiahs aver that Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) concealed such information (of his Khilaafat) due to the concept of Taqiyah (Shiah doctrine of Holy hypocrisy), then we will reply by saying that it is against the grain and honour of Hadhrat Ali, the Lion of Allaah (radhiAllaahu anhu) to conceal anything. Also, to adopt Taqiyah at such a stage when the Ansaar were in the majority in Madinah Tayyibah and they were all lovers of the Banu Haashim, is plain cowardice. And a coward is not worthy for Khilaafat. According to the Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat, Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) never adopted Taqiyah, he was known as the >Lion of Allaah=. Besides Allaah Ta`ala he feared none. Even if we assume for a moment that Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) had adopted Taqiyah, then he would most certainly have divulged this information at the time when he became Khalifah. He would not have, whilst he was based in Kufa, lauded so much of praise upon Hadhrat Abu Bakr and Umar (radhiAllaahu anhuma).
Reasons for the Virtuousness of Hadhrat Abu Bakr Siddique (Radhiallaahu Anhu)
The basis of virtue is on precedence and being first. As far as virtue and perfection is concerned, that person succeeds who sets the precedent. This is the rule of thumb, in both, worldly and Deeni matters; that is >first come first served=. Whoever comes second will be placed second. Whoever comes later will be placed in ranks accordingly. Whoever lags behind, will be placed behind correspondingly. Allaah Ta`ala says: And the first of those who preceded from amongst the Muhaajireen and Ansaar. This indicates this principle.
Now based on this we look at Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu). In every respect, Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) came first and preceded the others. He was the first to accept Islaam and bring Imaan. He was the first to render service and aid to Islaam. He was the first to sacrifice wealth and soul for the service of Allaah Ta`ala and His Rasul (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). It was as though in every sphere of Deen, Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) was the first. Everyone else followed him and came after. He was the teacher to those who followed. Whatever those who followed attained, was attained through the blessings of the predecessor.
Now note the Details of his Magnificence
| 30381. Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) was the first person to accept Islaam and bring Imaan on Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). Hadhrat Khadija Kubra (radhiAllaahu anha) was the pure and chaste wife of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) and Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) was a young man who had grown up on Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam)=s lap. Hadhrat Zaid (radhiAllaahu anhu) was Nabi=s (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) freed slave and servant. Their acceptance of Imaan was not a matter of excellence, since they were subordinate to Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) or they grew up in front of him. It was beyond their power or natural dispositions to reject the invitation of Imaan. Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) was leader of his tribe and he was an affluent and notable person in the community. He was not subservient to anybody. He was completely free to accept or refute the invitation. He was not forced to accept the Message. After proclaiming Nubuwwat, Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) first went to Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu), from amongst the >outsiders=. Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) immediately accepted the Message with firm conviction and a sincere heart. He accepted the Message without any hesitation. He immediately entered the fold of Islaam. | |
| 30382. Immediately upon accepting Imaan, Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) joined and assisted Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in da`wat and tabligh. For the first 13 years, he was partner to Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in every difficulty and hardship. He always accompanied Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in his effort of da`wat and tabligh. | |
| During the season of Hajj, when the people flocked for Hajj, then Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) used to go to the leaders of the tribes and invite them to Islaam. At that time also Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) accompanied Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) and he used to walk ahead of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) and extol the virtues and excellences of Islaam to the people. The Books of history bear testimony to this fact that the amount of people that accepted Islaam at the hands of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) are countless. Listed hereunder are the names of some of the great, great luminaries that accepted Islaam at the hands of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu): | |
| Hadhrat Uthmaan, Talha, Sa`ad, Zubair, Sa`eed, Khabbaab (radhiAllaahu anhum) . | |
| 30383. Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) sacrificed his entire wealth and fortune upon Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). This virtue of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) was not shared by anyone else. For the two years when the Muslims were exiled in the valley of Abu Taalib, it was the wealth of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) that came to their assistance. Those Muslims who were suffering at the hands of the kuffaar, it was the wealth and assistance of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) that came to their rescue. Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) said at the time of his final illness: There is not anyone from amongst the people who surpassed and excelled Abu Bakr Bin Abi Quhaafa in (sacrificing) their selves and wealth. | |
| He (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) also said: No wealth has benefited me more than the wealth of Abu Bakr. In short, there was none that surpassed Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) in sacrificing their bodies and wealth for Islaam. At that time, Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) was still young, who due to the constrained circumstances of his father, Abu Taalib, was living with Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) and he could not and did not offer any assistance at that time. He was also not physically equipped (in body) to withstand the difficulties and hardships imposed on Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) by the kuffaar. | |
| 30384. Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) remained close to Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in the battles and expeditions, just like how a head-minster remains with the king. During the battle of Badr, a separate >hut= was constructed for Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), and during this time, it was Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) that remained with him whilst the remainder of the army were on the battlefield. Nabi=s (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) head was placed in Sajdah and he was making du`aa and it was Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) who was consoling him. Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) accompanied Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in every battle. There is not a single battle or journey undertaken by Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) wherewith Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) was not there. During bloody battles like Uhud and Hunain, many great Sahaabah were shaken, but the feet of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) always remained firm and steadfast. | |
| 30385. The relationship of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) with Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) was such as would be the relationship of a king with his closest confidant and minister. If there arose any matter that needed mashwera or advice, he would consult with Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu). Whenever Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) stood up, Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) stood up with him. Whenever Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) sat down, Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) sat down with him on his right side. Whenever Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) used to make du`aa, then Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) used to say >Ameen= to it. Whenever any person experienced any difficulty, they would approach Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) through the agency of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu). In Surah Tawbah, the Aayat ..the second of the two, when they were in the cave... Bears testimony to the fact that Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) came second to Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). During his final illness, Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) mentioned in his Khutbah, that all the doors and openings to the Masjid be closed, except the door of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu). He further said that if he were to take any friend and close companion then he would have chosen Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu), but he had already taken Allaah Ta`ala as that close compatriot. The love and compassion of Allaah Ta`ala had so much overtaken and overwhelmed his heart that there remained absolutely no place for anyone else. Allaah had not placed two hearts in the bosom of man. | |
| He ordered those present to instruct Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) to make Imaamat in place of him. It is reported in some narrations that Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) asked for pen and paper so he could write something down and said that he feared that there may be those with desires who will fall (prey) to their desires after his demise. That is desire for the Khilaafat. This request to write something was later rescinded. He said: Allaah and the believers reject all besides Abu Bakr. (i.e. besides the Khila afat of Abu Bakr, that of anyone else will not be acceptable, hence there was no need to write anything down). | |
| Even the kuffaar acknowledged the fact that Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) was the closest confidant of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). At the time of Nabi=s (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) Hijrat to Madinah, the kuffaar offered a joint reward for the capture of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) and Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu). The kuffaar did not make any such announcement regarding Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu). After the departure of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) from Makkah, Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) remained in Makkah but the kuffar did not do anything. | |
| These were the indications and signs that the Sahaabah understood as being Nabi=s (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) tacit appointment of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) as his successor, and they all readily accepted him as their Khalifa. They followed him with heart and soul. Those Sahaabah that were not present at Saqeefah Bani Sa`ada, later took ba` it at the hands of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu). Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) was busy in the preparations of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) burial, hence he was not present at Saqeefah Bani Sa`ada, he took ba`it later on. | |
| The Shiahs aver that Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) concealed his Khilaafat due to Taqiyah. According to the Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat, Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) never adopted Taqiyah, he was known as the >Lion of Allaah=. Besides Allaah Ta`ala he feared none. Even if we assume for a moment that Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) had adopted Taqiyah, then he would most certainly have divulged this information at the time when he became Khalifah. He would not have, whilst he was based in Kufa, lauded so much of praise upon Hadhrat Abu Bakr and Umar (radhiAllaahu anhuma). Also at the time of his expedition against Hadhrat Mu`aawiya (radhiAllaahu anhu) he would have disclosed this information. | |
| Imaam Zehni mentions that Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu), during his reign of Khilaafat professed his respect and admiration for Hadhrat Abu Bakr and Umar (radhiAllaahu anhuma), and he declared them as being the best of this Ummat. More than 80 persons reported this from Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu). May Allaah Ta`ala disgrace the Raafidhis (Shiahs), who are so ignorant that they do not even listen to Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu). Imaam Zehni mentions via an authentic chain of narrators that Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) said : It has reached me that some persons are giving me preference over Abu Bakr and Umar. Whoever you find giving me excellence and virtue over Abu Bakr and Umar, then know that he is a liar. His punishment will be that of a liar. | |
| Daar-e-Qutni reports from Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu): If I find anyone giving me preference over Abu Bakr and Umar, then I will give him as many lashes as a liar deserves (i.e. 80 lashes). | |
| It is reported in Bukhari Shareef that once Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) said: The best person after Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) is Abu Bakr, then Umar and then another person. His son, Muhammad Bin Hanifah said: Then you (O father). He (Hadhrat Ali - radhiAllaahu anhu) said: Indeed I am a man from amongst the Muslims. |
The Ranking of Hadhrat Umar (Radhiallaahu Anhu) After that of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (Radhiallaahu Anhu)
After Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu), comes Hadhrat Umar (radhiAllaahu anhu) in rank. It is for this reason that Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) appointed Hadhrat Umar (radhiAllaahu anhu) as Khalifah on his death-bed. Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) wrote a bequest regarding this, and he gave all the believers the order to follow and obey Hadhrat Umar (radhiAllaahu anhu). Due to the stern nature of Hadhrat Umar (radhiAllaahu anhu), the people told Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) that what answer will he give to Allaah Ta`ala because he appointed a sharp-natured person as the Khalifah. He replied that he will say to Allaah Ta`ala that he had appointed the best Allaah-fearing person as the Khalifah.
This is also borne out by the Ahaadith, in that many Ahaadith mention the names of Hadhrat Umar and Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhuma) together with that of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). The name of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) always comes before that of Hadhrat Umar (radhiAllaahu anhu). In all the multitudes of Ahaadith, there is not a single one where the name of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) is not before that of Hadhrat Umar (radhiAllaahu anhu).
Two exceptional Specialities Of Shaikhain (Hadhrat Abu Bakr And Umar - Radhiallaahu Anhuma)
One of the specialities of the Shaikhain is that in many Ahaadith, Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) mentions their names togther with his. This makes abundantly apparent that the two of them enjoy special status by him (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). Besides these two, Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) did not mention his name together with any other Sahaabi. The second speciality of these two Sahaabah is that even after their deaths, they are together with Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in that their graves are all side by side. This is an honour which is not enjoyed by any other Sahaabi.
The rank of "Khatinain" after that of "Shaikhain"
The rank of Khatinain, i.e. Hadhrat Uthmaan and Ali (radhiAllaahu anhuma) comes after that of Shaikhain, i.e. Hadhrat Abu Bakr and Umar (radhiAllaahu anhuma). Hadhrat Abu Bakr and Umar (radhiAllaahu anhuma) are called > Shaikhain=, and Hadhrat Uthmaan and Ali (radhiAllaahu anhuma) are called >Khatinain=. The meaning of >Khatan= is son-in-law. Both these Sahaabah were the sons-in-law of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) was also known as >Zun Nurain= (the holder of two lights), because he married two daughters of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), one after the demise of the other.
After the assassination attempt on Hadhrat Umar (radhiAllaahu anhu), he called six Sahaabah to one side and told them to choose a Khalifah from amongst themselves. All of them were deserving of the post of Khilaafat. these six were: Hadhrat Uthmaan, Ali, Talha, Zubair, Sa`ad Bin Abi Waqqaas, Abdur Rahmaan Bin Auf (radhiAllaahu anhum).
After the demise of Hadhrat Umar (radhiAllaahu anhu) these six Sahaabah got together and Hadhrat Abdur Rahmaan Bin Auf, Talha, Zubair (radhiAllaahu anhum) said the following and stood up: Besides Uthmaan and Ali none other is worthy of the post of Khilaafat.
Hadhrat Abdur Rahmaan Bin Auf (radhiAllaahu anhu) was assigned the task of choosing between these two. He told these two Sahaabah that they should go to their homes, and after having consulted with the others, they will be informed of the outcome. When these two Sahaabah went to their homes, Hadhrat Abdur Rahmaan Bin Auf (radhiAllaahu anhu) went to them individually and told them that if either of them were to be selected as Khalifah, the other must willingly accept the result and take ba`it at his hand.
One special condition for Ba`it
Hadhrat Abdur Rahmaan Bin Auf (radhiAllaahu anhu), took ba`it at the hands of Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) making the following conditions, that:
He act in full accordance to the Qur`aan Kareem and the Sunnat of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), that he spend all his energy and effort in the progress and success of the Ummat, both in worldly and Deeni terms, that he follow the pattern laid out by Shaikhain during their respective periods of reign. Refer to Bukhari page 1070.
After Hadhrat Abdur Rahmaan Bin Auf consulted with the senior Sahaabah, the Muhaajireen and the Ansaar, he appoint ed Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) as the Khalifah. After everyone had completed their Fajr Salaat, Hadhrat Abdur Rahmaan Bin Auf (radhiAllaahu anhu) told Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) to ascend the Mimbar. Hadhrat Abdur Rahmaan then addressed the Sahaabah and told them that after he had consulted with the Muhaajireen and the Ansaar, they had all come to the conclusion that at that time none was more qualified to take the position of Khilaafat than Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu). First to take the ba`it was Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) and thereafter all the other Sahaabah followed suit. All the Sahaabah were unanimous on this that Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) was the most suited for Khilaafat, even over Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu). There was no doubt in their regarding Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) as the most virtuous. Without any hesitation and arguments they all agreed on the excellence of Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu). Allaama Taftaazaani says that if there was any doubt in the virtuousness of Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) over Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu), then it would have been brought out by the Sahaabah. Hence the Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat agree that Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) holds a higher rank than Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu).
It is reported in Bukhari Shareef that once Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), Hadhrat Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhum) were on Mount Uhud when it began to shake. Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) said: AO Uhud, stop! Today there is on top of you a Nabi, a Siddique and two Shuhadaa.@ The Nabi was Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), the Siddique was Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radhiAllaahu anhu) and the two Shuhadaa were Hadhrat Umar and Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhuma). In this Hadith, the names of Hadhrat Umar and Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhuma) are joint indicating that after Hadhrat Umar (radhiAllaahu anhu) in rank, comes Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu). After Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) comes Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu).
After Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu), all the Sahaabah regarded Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) as the most virtuous, hence they elected him as Khalifah next. The belief of the Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat is this, that Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) was NOT elected as the Khalifah owing to his being a family member of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), rather because at that time, after the demise of Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu), he was the only person who was most knowledgeable, had the most intellect, piety, trustworthiness and justice. The difference of opnion that arose during his Khilaafat, was not due to his being worthy of Khilaafat or regarding trustworthiness. His being the most qualified for Khilaafat was unanimously accepted by all the Sahaabah. The differences that arose were due to an error in judgement and reasoning. Some people wanted the murderers of Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) brought to book quickly, and Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) deemed a delay in the matter as being expedient
Hadhrat Mu`aawiyah (radhiAllaahu anhu) thought the murderers to be some trouble-makers and Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu) regarded them as rebels. If rebels surrender themselves, then whatever acts they had perpetrated during their time of rebellion is not accountable, and there is no Qisaas or liability upon them. The insight and foresight of Hadhrat Ali (RadhiAllaahu anhu) was indeed very deep and profound.
Important Note:
Imaam Abul Hasan As`hari (Rahmatullahi alaih) states that the virtue of Hadhrat Abu Bakr and Umar (radhiAllaahu anhuma) is above that of the rest of the Ummah and this is certain (absolute/final/binding).
However, as for the virtue of Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) over Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu), that is not absolute. The ruling of the four Aimmah-e-Mujtahiddeen, is that Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) is more higher in rank than Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu). Some Ulama have opted to remain silent on this issue and not say anything definite, because of the various virtues that are enumerated regarding Hadhrat Ali (radhiAllaahu anhu). Qaadhi Iyaadh says that it is reported from Imaam Maalik (rahmatullahi alaih) regarding this issue that he has opted for silence. Nevertheless, thereafter he had taken a leaning towards opting for Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu). Imaam Qurtubi (rahmatullahi alaih) says that this is the correct view, Insha-Allaah.
Some Ulama have understood the following text from Imaam Abu Hanifah (rahmatullahi alaih) as being a vote of hesitation on this matter:
The object of this statement was not that he had doubt regarding this matter, but rather because during the Khilaafat of Khatinain there was uprisings and mischief, and many people=s hearts started getting turned away from these two illustrious Sahaabah. In order to combat this feeling of disillusionment amongst the masses he used the word AMuhabbat@ (love) for these two Sahaabah. Imaam Saheb never intended hesitation, in fact the Kitaabs of Hanafi Fiqh are replete with the order of ranking of the Sahaabah. In conclusion, the Fuqahaa have sated that the highest rank goes to Shaikhain and this is absolute, and then after them comes Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) in rank. It is for this reason that the Fuqahaa have not placed Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu) with Shaikhain, because his rank is a bit lower than theirs.
Aqeeda # 3
Next in rank from amongst the Sahabah after the Khulafaa-e-Raashideen are those Sahaabah regarding whom Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) had given the glad tidings of Jannat. They are known as the >Ashara-e -Mubassharah.
Regarding them Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in one gathering mentioned their names one by one. They are: The four Khulafaa-e-Raashideen, Hadhrat Sa`ad Bin Abi Waqqaas, Abdur Rahmaan Bin Auf, Abu Ubaidah Bin Jarrah, Sa`eed Bin Zaid, Talha and Zubair (radhiAllaahu anhum ajmaeen).
These ten Sahaabah are the best and highest ranked amongst the entire Ummat. They are from amongst the leaders of the Quraish and they are close and family members of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam). They are from amongst the first in Islaam. Their family connections and personal qualities were reasons for the strengthening of Islaam. After they accepted Islaam they sacrificed their bodies, souls and wealth for the Deen. They accompanied Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) in every battle after their respective acceptances into Islaam. The benefit that Islaam had reaped by these ten personalities was not surpassed by any other person.
Because Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) mentioned all these ten names at one time, and gave them the glad tidings of Jannat, they are known as >Ashara-e-Mubassharah=. Besides these ten, Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) had also given the glad tidings of Jannat to other Sahaabah, on an individual basis. Like Hadhrat Faatimah (radhiAllaahu anha), Hadhrat Hasan and Hussein, Hadhrat Khadija, Aisha, Hamza, Abbaas, Salmaan, Hubaib, Ammaar Bin Yaasir (radhiAllaahu anhum ajmaeen).
Aqeeda # 4
Next in rank after the >Ashara-e-Mubassharah are the participants in the battle of Badr, regarding whom it appears in a Hadith:
Indeed Allaah Ta`ala is well pleased with the participants in Badr. Then He said: You (participants of Badr) may do as you please, because indeed Allaah has forgiven your sins.
After the Hijrat, the battle of Badr was the first battle, in which Islaam attained a special status and the kuffaar were disgraced. During this battle the Mujaahideen were 313 in number, and this was also the total number of Rasuls. It is as though these participants in Badr enjoyed the status over all the other Sahaabah as the Rasuls enjoyed over all the other Nabis. Allaah Ta`ala had decreed that He will help his Nabis, Indeed We will surely assist Our Nabis...
Therefore, Allaah Ta`ala assisted the Muslims in this battle by sending down 5 000 angels to assist them. These participants in Badr, since they were treading in the footsteps of the Nabis, they were told that whatever they desired to do they may do so. This statement is not said to anybody and everybody. It was said to those pious servants of Allaah Ta`ala, who were completely firm in their steadfastness (radhiAllaahu anhum).
The Ashara-e-Mubassharah also participated in this battle, for the exception of Hadhrat Uthmaan (radhiAllaahu anhu). His wife, the daughter of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) was very ill at that time, and he, although ready to join Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam), was ordered to remain behind in Madinah and look after his wife. Nevertheless, Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) included him amongst the Mujaahideen and he also received a share in the booty (spoils of war).
Since the Sashara-e-Mubasshrah are higher in rank than the participants of Badr, their names were mentioned individually and given the glad tidings of Jannat and the rest of the Participants of Badr were told that they have been forgiven.
After them in rank, comes the participants of the Battle of Uhud. It was in this battle that the blessed teeth of Rasulullaah (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) were martyred. The leader of Martyrs, Hadhrat Hamza (radhiAllaahu anhu) along with 70 other Sahaabah were martyred in this battle. The Ashara-e-Mubassharah also participated in this battle.
After them in rank comes those who participated in the Ba`it-e-Ridwaan. Ba`it-e-Ridwaan is that ba`it which the Sahaabah took at the hands of Nabi (sallAllaahu alaihi wasallam) just prior to the Treaty of Hudaibia. Regarding them, Allaah Ta`ala says:
Indeed Allaah is pleased with the believers, when they took ba`it with you beneath the tree. He knows that (sincerity) in their hearts.
In this Aayat, Allaah Ta`ala speaks of the sincerity of the Sahaabah. It is this sincerity that is highly lauded. Hence, the putrid claim of the Shiahs that the Sahaabah (Nauthubillah!) only displayed an outer facade of Imaan, but they had hypocrisy in their hearts. This Aayat refutes all such rotten and rancid claims of the Shiahs.
Note:
The ranking of the Sahaabah that has been stated upto now, is agreed upon by the Ahle Haqq. After these stated above, the next in rank are the ones who were highest in knowledge and Taqwa (piety). As Allaah Ta`ala says:
Indeed the most honourable amongst you in the Sight of Allaah is the one who has the most Taqwa.
Beliefs concerning the Sahabah (Companions)